3L
Proving the Law
“You are right. Now make it admissible.” — Procedure, evidence and the ethics of both — plus the first live clients, under supervision.
Study material, not legal advice. Written and checked by the PhilippineLaws team to the best of our knowledge; not reviewed by a lawyer. Check every provision and case against its full text before you rely on it or cite it.
35units14courses2semesters5lessons ready
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Full lessons — comic, mechanism, problems and a check. About 20 minutes each.
Public International Lawweek 2Where international law comes from“Walang pinirmahang treaty. Obligado pa rin ba tayo?”International law has no legislature, so Article 38 of the ICJ Statute tells you where to look. The Constitution then tells you how each source gets into a Philippine courtroom — and treaties and custom use different doors. Open lessonCorporation Lawweek 4Piercing the corporate veil“Sinara ang kumpanya para hindi magbayad. Makakatakas ba ang may-ari?”A corporation is a separate person, and that separateness is the whole point of incorporating. The veil is lifted only when the separateness itself is the instrument of the wrong — and the one who wants it lifted has to prove it. Open lessonCriminal Procedureweek 6Bail: a right, a discretion, or neither“Naaresto ang kapatid ko. Pwede ba siyang magpiyansa?”Whether bail is a right depends on the court, the penalty and the stage of the case. For the gravest offences it depends on one thing only: a hearing on whether the evidence of guilt is strong. Open lessonEvidenceweek 7Hearsay, and the doors back in“Sabi ng kapitbahay ko… tanggap ba 'yon sa korte?”Hearsay is not any secondhand story; it is an out-of-court statement offered for its truth. Get the definition right and half the objections disappear. Get the exceptions right and the other half do. Open lessonNegotiable Instrumentsweek 8The holder in due course“Niloko ako ng pinagbigyan ko ng tseke. Kailangan ko pa rin bang magbayad sa iba?”Negotiability exists so that strangers can trust paper. The price of that trust is that a holder in due course takes the instrument free of most of the quarrels between the people before him — but not all of them. Open lesson
Courses this year
Each course names the text it is built on and the visual that carries it. Courses with a lesson ready are marked; the rest link to a quiz on the Bar subject they feed.
Semester 1
Getting into court
- Civil Procedure II3uRules 30–56; provisional remediesCase timeline scrubber — pre-trial to execution, with every reglementary period tickingOpens with: “Panalo ako, pero hindi pa rin nagbabayad.”
- Criminal Procedure3u1 lessonRules 110–127Arrest-to-arraignment timeline, with bail branching at each stageOpens with: “Naaresto: ano ang mangyayari bukas?”
- Corporation Law3u1 lessonRevised Corporation Code (R.A. 11232)Piercing the corporate veil — the shell goes transparent and liability reaches the person behind itOpens with: “Sinara ang kumpanya para hindi magbayad.”
- Negotiable Instruments3u1 lessonAct No. 2031Endorsement chain — a check passing hand to hand, each holder tested for holder-in-due-course statusOpens with: “Bumalik ang tseke. Kaso ba ito?”
- Public International Law3u1 lessonVCLT; UNCLOSMaritime zones cross-section — territorial sea, contiguous zone, EEZ and shelf drawn to scaleOpens with: “Bakit atin ang West Philippine Sea?”
- Land Titles & Deeds2uProperty Registration Decree (P.D. 1529)Torrens registration timeline, ending on indefeasibility after one yearOpens with: “Dalawang titulo sa iisang lupa.”
Semester 2
Proof, remedies and the ethics of both
- Evidence3u1 lesson2019 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC); R.A. 9165 as amended by R.A. 10640, Sec. 21Hearsay sorter, then chain of custody in four links — seizure, investigator, chemist, court; break one and the animation acquitsOpens with: “Sabi ng kapitbahay ko…”
- Insurance & Transportation3uR.A. 10607; Civil Code, Arts. 1732–1766Common carrier's extraordinary diligence — the presumption of fault and the four narrow escapes from itOpens with: “Nawala ang padala ko sa courier.”
- Special Civil Actions2uRules 62–71Certiorari vs. appeal fork — the wrong remedy visibly dead-endsOpens with: “Mali ang inihain: dismissed.”
- Special Proceedings2uRules 72–109Estate settlement flow — extrajudicial or judicial, forking on will, debt and agreementOpens with: “Namatay si Tatay, walang testamento.”
- Intellectual Property2uIP Code (R.A. 8293)Confusing similarity side-by-side — the dominancy test applied feature by featureOpens with: “Kamukha ng logo ko ang kanila.”
- Legal & Judicial Ethics2u1 lessonCPRA; New Code of Judicial ConductThe trust account — client money and lawyer money in two jars that must never touchOpens with: “Ginamit muna ang pera ng kliyente.”
- Clinical Legal Education I2uA.M. No. 19-03-24-SC; LEBMO No. 23 (2020)Supervised live-client work — the first time the method meets a person instead of a panel
- Elective2uStudent's choiceSet by the elective