1967 / Mar

G.R. No. L-24921 - MARCH 1967 - PHILIPPINE JURISPRUDENCE CASE NUMBERCASE TITLE G.R. No. L-24921March 31, 1967 Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Visayan Electric Company, et al. G.R. No. L-22463March 31, 1967 Alfredo A. Jose vs. Vicente G. Gella, et al. G.R. No. L-22372March 31, 1967 In re: Chua Tek vs. Republic of the Philippines G.R. No. L-22153March 31, 1967 Alfredo Arroz vs. Joaquina A. Alojado, et al. G.R. No. L-21846March 31, 1967 Romeo Alarcon vs. Court of Appeals, et al. G.R. No. L-21656March 31, 1967 Tomas Alarcon vs. Rufina Guerrero Vda. de Torres, et al. G.R. No. L-21180March 31, 1967 In re: Antonina B. Oshita Antonina B. Oshita vs. Republic G.R. No. L-17988March 31, 1967 Pompeniano Espinosa, et al. vs. Aurelia Belda, et al. G.R. No. L-25010March 30, 1967 Remedios Cuenco Vda. de Borromeo, et al. vs. Mateo Canonoy, et al. G.R. No. L-23007March 30, 1967 Lamberto Ramos, et al. vs. Rosita Ramos, et al. G.R. No. L-22399March 30, 1967 Republic Bank, et al. vs. Miguel Cuaderno, et al. G.R. No. L-20320March 30, 1967 In re: German Gaston Victoria Vda. de Gaston vs. Republic of the Philippines G.R. No. L-18278March 30, 1967 Manuel Bernabe vs. Court of Appeals, et al. G.R. No. L-18498March 30, 1967 Testate Estate of Vito Borromeo Jose H. Junquera vs. Crispin Borromeo, et al. G.R. No. L-26361March 18, 1967 Ma-ao Sugar Central Co., Inc. vs. Sinforoso Cañete G.R. No. L-25047 and L-25050March 18, 1967 Domingo Ang vs. American Steamship Agencies, Inc. G.R. No. L-23957March 18, 1967 Roman D. Abellera vs. City of Baguio, et al. G.R. No. L-23888March 18, 1967 Francisco C. Manabat vs. Laguna Federation of Facomas, Inc., et al. G.R. No. L-22421March 18, 1967 Imus Electric Co., Inc. vs. Court of Tax Appeals, et al. G.R. No. L-22420March 18, 1967 Philippine International Surety Co., Inc. vs. Court of Tax Appeals, et al. G.R. No. L-22306March 18, 1967 Felicitas C. Tan, et al. vs. Public Service Commission, et al. G.R. No. L-21707March 18, 1967 Felipe Acar, et al. vs. Inocencio Rosal G.R. No. L-19899March 18, 1967 In re: Tan Tian Tan Tian vs. Republic of the Philippines G.R. No. L-19870March 18, 1967 Municipality of San Joaquin vs. Nicanor Siva, et al. G.R. No. L-18880March 18, 1967 Hector Moreno, et al. vs. Mary A. Marsman, et al. G.R. No. L-16949March 18, 1967 Rosalina Santos, etc., et al. vs. Secretary of Public Works and Communications G.R. No. L-23348March 14, 1967 Juan Delfin vs. Court of Agrarian Relations, et al. G.R. No. L-24811March 3, 1967 Maritime Company of the Philippines, et al. vs. Ansberto P. Paredes, et al. G.R. No. L-17027March 3, 1967 Yu Kimteng Construction Corp. vs. Manila Railroad Company, et al. The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation, Inc. Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Visayan Electric Company, et al. Alfredo A. Jose vs. Vicente G. Gella, et al. In re: Chua Tek vs. Republic of the Philippines Alfredo Arroz vs. Joaquina A. Alojado, et al. Romeo Alarcon vs. Court of Appeals, et al. Tomas Alarcon vs. Rufina Guerrero Vda. de Torres, et al. In re: Antonina B. Oshita Antonina B. Oshita vs. Republic Pompeniano Espinosa, et al. vs. Aurelia Belda, et al. Remedios Cuenco Vda. de Borromeo, et al. vs. Mateo Canonoy, et al. Lamberto Ramos, et al. vs. Rosita Ramos, et al. Republic Bank, et al. vs. Miguel Cuaderno, et al. In re: German Gaston Victoria Vda. de Gaston vs. Republic of the Philippines Manuel Bernabe vs. Court of Appeals, et al. Testate Estate of Vito Borromeo Jose H. Junquera vs. Crispin Borromeo, et al. Ma-ao Sugar Central Co., Inc. vs. Sinforoso Cañete Domingo Ang vs. American Steamship Agencies, Inc. Roman D. Abellera vs. City of Baguio, et al. Francisco C. Manabat vs. Laguna Federation of Facomas, Inc., et al. Imus Electric Co., Inc. vs. Court of Tax Appeals, et al. Philippine International Surety Co., Inc. vs. Court of Tax Appeals, et al. Felicitas C. Tan, et al. vs. Public Service Commission, et al. Felipe Acar, et al. vs. Inocencio Rosal In re: Tan Tian Tan Tian vs. Republic of the Philippines Municipality of San Joaquin vs. Nicanor Siva, et al. Hector Moreno, et al. vs. Mary A. Marsman, et al. Rosalina Santos, etc., et al. vs. Secretary of Public Works and Communications Juan Delfin vs. Court of Agrarian Relations, et al. Maritime Company of the Philippines, et al. vs. Ansberto P. Paredes, et al. Yu Kimteng Construction Corp. vs. Manila Railroad Company, et al. The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation, Inc.

Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila

EN BANC

G.R. No. L-24921 March 31, 1967

COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,petitioner,
vs.
VISAYAN ELECTRIC COMPANY and THE COURT OF TAX APPEALS,respondents.

Office of the Solicitor General for petitioner.
Jesus P. Garcia for respondents.

SANCHEZ,J.:

In a judgment where the Tax Court absolved the taxpayer from the payment of —

(a) P2,443.30 as deficiency income tax, and

(b) P35,419.05 as 25% surcharge for late payment of franchise tax, but directed the taxpayer to pay the government —

(c) additional residence tax amounting to P3,850.00: May the government enforce the judgment as to the last sum of P3,850.00, where neither government nor taxpayer questions payment thereof on appeal? The Tax Court's answer is in the negative. Hence, the government's petition forcertiorariandmandamusto compel issuance of a writ of execution for the aforesaid sum of P3,850.00.

First, to the background facts. Required by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue to pay deficiency income tax from 1953 to 1958 amounting to P2,443.30; 25% surcharge for late payment of franchise tax from 1957 to 1959, P35,419.05; and additional residence tax from 1954 to 1959, P3,850.00, respondent Visayan Electric Company went to the Court of Tax Appeals. There, judgment was rendered, as heretofore stated, rejecting the government's claim to the sums of P2,443.30 and P35,419.05. The Tax Court, however, directed Visayan Electric Company to pay additional residence tax for the period from 1954 to 1959 in the sum of P3,850.00.¹

The Commissioner appealed the judgmentsolelyandexclusivelyas it freed the taxpayer from the payment of the sums of P2,443.30 and P35,419.05 just adverted to. That case is pending before this Court.²

Upon the other hand, the taxpayer did not appeal from the decision which adjudged it liable to pay the said additional residence tax of P3,850.00. Pending such appeal, the Commissioner, on January 29, 1965, moved for the execution of the judgment for P3,850.00. By resolution of May 31, 1965, the Tax Court rejected the motion. And on August 13, 1965, on motion to reconsider, the Tax Court stood its ground.

1. Execution "is the fruit and end of the suit, and is very aptly called the life of the law".³

A judgment becomes final and executory by operation of law, not by judicial declaration. Finality of judgment, in turn, becomes a fact upon the lapse of the reglementary period for appeal, if no appeal is perfected.⁴In such a situation, the prevailing party is entitled as a matter of right to a writ of execution;⁵and issuance thereof is the court's ministerial duty, compellable bymandamus.⁶The precepts just recited are as true in ordinary civil actions as they are in tax cases.⁷

2. As we analyze the lower court's decision, we find that adjudication was made on three (3) different kinds of taxes: income tax, franchise tax, and residence tax. The decision made separate findings of fact and conclusions of law as to each one of them. The three sums involved are separable, one from the two others. Indeed, one item has no bearing on any other. In plain words, the judgment for the payment of P3,850.00 will remain as it is. The taxpayer cannot escape liability therefor, whether the appeal taken results in affirmance or reversal. For, the correctness of the judgment for the said sum of P3,850.00has passed out of the control of the courts.

We, accordingly, rule that where a portion of one single judgment (1) is not the subject of appeal, (2) is separable and distinct from and will not be affected by the appeal in other respects, (3) needs no further proceedings and (4) has acquired finality, the same may be enforced by execution, as a matter of right.⁸

3. But respondents argue that because Section 4, Rule 44 of the Rules of Court, provides that appeal "shall stay" the decision of the Court of Tax Appeals, theentire judgmentherein is stayed by the Commissioner's appeal. We do not think so. Upon the facts, the decision which is stayed refers to that part thereof which is the subject-matter of the appeal, and no more.1äwphï1.ñët

4. Equitable considerations demand prompt execution of the judgment. For, the sum of P3,850.00, according to the judgment, does not earn interest. The longer execution is delayed, the greater the prejudice to the government.

Upon the view we take of this case, the petition forcertiorariandmandamusis granted; the resolutions of the Court of Tax Appeals of May 31, 1965 and August 13, 1965 in CTA Case No. 1024, entitled "Visayan Electric Company, petitioner, versus Commissioner of Internal Revenue, respondent", are revoked and set aside; the Court of Tax Appeals is directed to grant the writ of execution prayed for by herein petitioner.

Costs against respondent Visayan Electric Company. So ordered.

Concepcion, C.J., Reyes, J.B.L., Dizon, Regala, Bengzon, J.P., Zaldivar and Castro, JJ., concur.
Makalintal, J., took no part.

Footnotes

¹CTA Case No. 1024, Court of Tax Appeals, entitled "Visayan Electric Company, petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, respondent".

²G.R. No. L-22311, entitled `Commissioner of Internal Revenue, petitioner, v. Visayan Electric Company and The Court of Tax Appeals, respondents.'

³Ipekdjian Merchandising Co., Inc. vs. Court of Tax Appeals, L-14791, May 30, 1963, citing Bank of U.S. vs. Halstead, U.S. Supreme Court Reports, 6 Law ed., pp. 264-267, 268.

⁴Sawit vs. Rodas, 73 Phil. 310, 315; Daquis vs. Bustos, 94 Phil. 913, 917.

⁵Section 1, Rule 39, Rule of Court; De Fiesta vs. Llorente, 25 Phil. 554, 565; Lim vs. Singian, 37 Phil. 817, 823-824; Philippine Trust Co. vs. Santamaria, 53 Phil. 463, 467; Ebero vs. Cañizares, 79 Phil. 152, 155; Manansala vs. Narvasa, 101 Phil. 1260-1261; De los Angeles vs. Victoriano, L-13632, July 27, 1960.

⁶Hidalgo vs. Crossfield, 17 Phil. 466, 469-470; Amor vs. Jugo, 77 Phil. 703, 706-707; Buenaventura vs. Garcia, 78 Phil. 759, 762.

⁷By Rule 16 of the Rules of Court of Tax Appeals, promulgated pursuant to Section 8 of the Charter of Court of Tax Appeals, Republic Act 1125, "[t]he provisions of the Rules of Court applicable to proceedings before the Courts of First Instance shall, insofar as they may not be inconsistent with the provisions of Republic Act 1125 and of [said] rules, be applicable to cases pending" before the Court of Tax Appeals. There are no specific provisions on executions of judgments of the Court of Tax Appeals, either in Republic Act 1125 or in the Rules of the Court of Tax Appeals.

At all events, this Court has pronounced that "[t]he rule of execution of judgment under the rules [of court should govern all kinds of execution of judgment, unless it is otherwise provided in other laws]." Saguico vs. Bulos, L-17608-09, July 31, 1962.

⁸Zulueta vs. Paredes, 63 Phil 1, 4-5; Arive vs. Ybañez, 92 Phil. 1069, 1070; Facundo vs. Pabalan, L-17746, and Ulep vs. Carbonel, L-17307, jointly decided on January 31, 1962.