G.R. No. L-8178 - OCTOBER 1960 - PHILIPPINE JURISPRUDENCE CASE NUMBERCASE TITLE G.R. No. L-8178October 31, 1960 Juanita Kapunan, et al. vs. Alipio N. Casilan, et al. G.R. No. L-11536October 31, 1960 Tomas B. Villamin vs. Court of Tax Appeals, et al. G.R. No. L-11745October 31, 1960 Royal Interocean Lines, et al. vs. Court of Industrial Relations, et al. G.R. No. L-11991October 31, 1960 People of the Philippines vs. Porfirio Taño, et al. G.R. No. L-11892October 31, 1960 People of the Philippines vs. Yakan Labak, et al. G.R. No. L-12226October 31, 1960 Damaso Discanso, et al. vs. Felicisimo Gatmaytan G.R. No. L-12401October 31, 1960 Marcelo Steel Corp. vs. Collector of Internal Revenue G.R. No. L-12565October 31, 1960 Antonio Heras vs. City Treasurer of Quezon City G.R. No. L-13260October 31, 1960 Lino P. Bernardo vs. Eufermia Pascual, et al. G.R. No. L-13370October 31, 1960 In Re: Chan Chen. Chan Chen vs. Republic of the Philippines G.R. No. L-13666October 31, 1960 Fortunato Layague, et al. vs. Concepcion Perez de Ulgasan G.R. No. L-13677October 31, 1960 Hugh M. Ham vs. Bachrach Motor Co., Inc. G.R. No. L-13875October 31, 1960 Daniel Evangelista vs. Court of Agrarian Relations of Iloilo, et al. G.R. No. L-13891October 31, 1960 Joaquin Ulpiendo, et al. vs. Court of Agrarian Relations, et al. G.R. No. L-13900October 31, 1960 People of the Philippines vs. Blas Ablao, et al. G.R. No. L-14174October 31, 1960 Philippine Bank of Commerce vs. Higinio B. Macadaeg, et al. G.R. No. L-14362October 31, 1960 People of the Philippines vs. Hernani Acanto, et al. G.R. No. L-14393October 31, 1960 Collector of Internal Revenue vs. Cantilan Lumber Company G.R. No. L-14474October 31, 1960 Onesima D. Belen vs. Bank of the Philippine Islands, et al. G.R. No. L-14598October 31, 1960 Mariano Acosta, et al. vs. Carmelino G. Alvendia G.R. No. L-14625October 31, 1960 In Re: Eulogio Ong. Eulogio Ong vs. Republic of the Philippines G.R. 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No. L-15459October 31, 1960 United States Lines Co. vs. Court of Industrial Relations, et al. G.R. No. L-15594October 31, 1960 Rodolfo Cano vs. Court of Industrial Relations, et al. G.R. No. L-15643October 31, 1960 Liggett & Myers Tobacco Corp. vs. Associated Insurance & Surety Co., Inc., et al. G.R. No. L-15695October 31, 1960 Matilde Gaerlan, et al. vs. City Council of Baguio, et al. G.R. No. L-15697October 31, 1960 Maria Salud Angeles vs. Pedro Guevara G.R. No. L-15707October 31, 1960 Jesus Guariña, et al. vs. Agueda Guariña-Casas, et al. G.R. No. L-15745October 31, 1960 Miguel Tolentino vs. Cerefino Inciong G.R. No. L-15842October 31, 1960 Nena Marquez, et al. vs. Tomas P. Panganiban, et al. G.R. No. L-15926October 31, 1960 Bernabe Rellin, et al. vs. Ambrosio Cabigas, et al. G.R. No. L-16098October 31, 1960 Andrea Olarte vs. Diosdado Enriquez, et al. G.R. No. L-16160October 31, 1960 Magdalena Sangalang vs. People of the Philippines, et al. G.R. Nos. L-16292-94, L-16309 and L-16317-18October 31, 1960 Kapisanan ng mga Manggagawa Sa Manila Railroad Co. vs. Yard Crew Union, et al. G.R. No. L-16672October 31, 1960 Associated Labor Union vs. Jose S. Rodriguez, etc., et al. G.R. No. L-11302October 28, 1960 People of the Philippines vs. Benjamin P. Aguilar, et al. G.R. No. L-12659October 28, 1960 Abelardo Landingin vs. Paulo Gacad G.R. No. L-14866October 28, 1960 In Re: Andres Ong Khan. Andres Ong Khan vs. Republic of the Philippines G.R. No. L-15573October 28, 1960 Reliance Surety & Insurance Company Inc. vs. La Campana Food Products, Inc., et al. G.R. No. L-17144October 28, 1960 Sergio Osmeña, Jr.. vs. Salipada K. Pendatun, et al. G.R. No. L-14079October 26, 1960 Metropolitan Water District vs. Eduviges Oledan Nirza, et al. G.R. No. L-14157October 26, 1960 In Re: Anne Fallon Murphy, et al. Mun. of Magallon, Negros Occ. vs. Ignatius Henry Bezore, et al. G.R. No. L-14724October 26, 1960 Victorino Maribojoc vs. Pastor L. de Guzman, etc., et al. G.R. Nos. L-14973-74October 26, 1960 People of the Philippines vs. Juan Casumpang G.R. Nos. L-15214-15October 26, 1960 People of the Philippines vs. Felipe C. Cruz G.R. No. L-11766October 25, 1960 Socorro Matubis vs. Zoilo Praxedes G.R. No. L-14189October 25, 1960 People of the Philippines vs. Eutiquio Yamson, et al. G.R. No. L-15326October 25, 1960 Severino Samson vs. Dionisio Dinglasa G.R. No. L-15502October 25, 1960 Ah Nam vs. City of Manila, et al. G.R. No. L-16038October 25, 1960 Ajax International Corp. vs. Orencio A. Seguritan, et al. G.R. No. L-16404October 25, 1960 Sampaguita Pictures, Inc., et al. vs. Court of Industrial Relations, et al. G.R. No. L-16429October 25, 1960 Alejandro Abao vs. Mariano R. Virtucio, et al. G.R. No. L-14111October 24, 1960 National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration vs. Teresa R. De Francisco, et al. G.R. No. L-15233October 24, 1960 Juan L. Clemente vs. Court of Appeals, et al. G.R. No. L-14524October 24, 1960 Felix Molina vs. Court of Appeals, et al. G.R. No. L-15192October 24, 1960 Philippine National Bank vs. Teofilo Ramirez, et al. G.R. No. L-15275October 24, 1960 Mariano A. Albert vs. University Publishing Co. G.R. No. L-16006October 24, 1960 Perfecto R. Franche, et al. vs. Pedro C. Hernaez, etc., et al. G.R. Nos. L-12483 and L-12896-97October 22, 1960 Nicolas Javier, et al. vs. Enrique de Leon, et al. G.R. No. L-15477October 22, 1960 Republic of the Philippines vs. Victoriano Medrano, Sr. G.R. No. L-16029October 21, 1960 Standard-Vacuum Oil Co. vs. Loreto Paz, et al. G.R. No. L-15709October 19, 1960 In Re: Damaso Cajefe. Cecilio Cajefe, etc., et al. vs. Fidel Fernandez, et al. The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation, Inc. Juanita Kapunan, et al. vs. Alipio N. Casilan, et al. Tomas B. Villamin vs. Court of Tax Appeals, et al. Royal Interocean Lines, et al. vs. Court of Industrial Relations, et al. People of the Philippines vs. Porfirio Taño, et al. People of the Philippines vs. Yakan Labak, et al. Damaso Discanso, et al. vs. Felicisimo Gatmaytan Marcelo Steel Corp. vs. Collector of Internal Revenue Antonio Heras vs. City Treasurer of Quezon City Lino P. Bernardo vs. Eufermia Pascual, et al. In Re: Chan Chen. Chan Chen vs. Republic of the Philippines Fortunato Layague, et al. vs. Concepcion Perez de Ulgasan Hugh M. Ham vs. Bachrach Motor Co., Inc. Daniel Evangelista vs. Court of Agrarian Relations of Iloilo, et al. Joaquin Ulpiendo, et al. vs. Court of Agrarian Relations, et al. People of the Philippines vs. Blas Ablao, et al. Philippine Bank of Commerce vs. Higinio B. Macadaeg, et al. People of the Philippines vs. Hernani Acanto, et al. Collector of Internal Revenue vs. Cantilan Lumber Company Onesima D. Belen vs. Bank of the Philippine Islands, et al. Mariano Acosta, et al. vs. Carmelino G. Alvendia In Re: Eulogio Ong. Eulogio Ong vs. Republic of the Philippines Chua Yeng vs. Michaela Roma, et al. Collector of Internal Revenue vs. The Court of Tax Appeals, et al. National Resettlement & Rehabilitation Administration vs. Felix M. Makasiar, etc., et al. Rosendo Fernandez, et al. vs. Catalino V. Fernandez Antonio Pimentel vs. Josefina Gomez, et al. In Re: Theodore Lewin. Theodore Lewin vs. Emilio Galang Ruben L. Valero, et al. vs. Teresita L. Parpana, et al. Board of Directors of the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office vs. Luis N. Alandy, et al. Felipe B. Ollada vs. Secretary of Finance, et al. Dionisio Nagrampa, et al. vs. Julia Margate Nagrampa United States Lines Co. vs. Court of Industrial Relations, et al. Rodolfo Cano vs. Court of Industrial Relations, et al. Liggett & Myers Tobacco Corp. vs. Associated Insurance & Surety Co., Inc., et al. Matilde Gaerlan, et al. vs. City Council of Baguio, et al. Maria Salud Angeles vs. Pedro Guevara Jesus Guariña, et al. vs. Agueda Guariña-Casas, et al. Miguel Tolentino vs. Cerefino Inciong Nena Marquez, et al. vs. Tomas P. Panganiban, et al. Bernabe Rellin, et al. vs. Ambrosio Cabigas, et al. Andrea Olarte vs. Diosdado Enriquez, et al. Magdalena Sangalang vs. People of the Philippines, et al. Kapisanan ng mga Manggagawa Sa Manila Railroad Co. vs. Yard Crew Union, et al. Associated Labor Union vs. Jose S. Rodriguez, etc., et al. People of the Philippines vs. Benjamin P. Aguilar, et al. Abelardo Landingin vs. Paulo Gacad In Re: Andres Ong Khan. Andres Ong Khan vs. Republic of the Philippines Reliance Surety & Insurance Company Inc. vs. La Campana Food Products, Inc., et al. Sergio Osmeña, Jr.. vs. Salipada K. Pendatun, et al. Metropolitan Water District vs. Eduviges Oledan Nirza, et al. In Re: Anne Fallon Murphy, et al. Mun. of Magallon, Negros Occ. vs. Ignatius Henry Bezore, et al. Victorino Maribojoc vs. Pastor L. de Guzman, etc., et al. People of the Philippines vs. Juan Casumpang People of the Philippines vs. Felipe C. Cruz Socorro Matubis vs. Zoilo Praxedes People of the Philippines vs. Eutiquio Yamson, et al. Severino Samson vs. Dionisio Dinglasa Ah Nam vs. City of Manila, et al. Ajax International Corp. vs. Orencio A. Seguritan, et al. Sampaguita Pictures, Inc., et al. vs. Court of Industrial Relations, et al. Alejandro Abao vs. Mariano R. Virtucio, et al. National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration vs. Teresa R. De Francisco, et al. Juan L. Clemente vs. Court of Appeals, et al. Felix Molina vs. Court of Appeals, et al. Philippine National Bank vs. Teofilo Ramirez, et al. Mariano A. Albert vs. University Publishing Co. Perfecto R. Franche, et al. vs. Pedro C. Hernaez, etc., et al. Nicolas Javier, et al. vs. Enrique de Leon, et al. Republic of the Philippines vs. Victoriano Medrano, Sr. Standard-Vacuum Oil Co. vs. Loreto Paz, et al. In Re: Damaso Cajefe. Cecilio Cajefe, etc., et al. vs. Fidel Fernandez, et al. The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation, Inc.
Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
G.R. No. L-8178 October 31, 1960
JUANITA KAPUNAN, ET AL.,petitioners,
vs.
ALIPIO N. CASILAN and the COURT OF APPEALS,respondents.
E. Granador, J. B. Velasco, D. T. Reyes, Luison & Cruz for petitioners.
Manuel Lim and Julio Siayco for respondent.
GUTIERREZ DAVID,J.:
This is a petition to review on certiorari a decision of the Court of Appeals declaring the respondent Alipio N. Casilan owner of certain real property described in the complaint and ordering petitioners to deliver possession thereof to said respondent.
The facts are not disputed. The property in question, which is a commercial lot1located in Tacloban City, was on October 2, 1935 donated by the spouses Ruperto Kapunan, Sr., and Iluminada Fernandez de Kapunan to their daughter Concepcion K. Salcedo, who accepted the donation in the same document. The deed of donation was acknowledged on the same date by the donors and done before Notary Public Mateo Canonoy, the donors' son-in-law and the donee's brother-in-law. The property, however, remained in the possession of the donors.
On December 23, 1939, Concepcion K. Salcedo donated the same property to her daughter Marita Antonia Salcedo, then a minor. In behalf of said minor, Iluminada Fernandez Vda. de Kapunan, the donee's grandmother and acting guardian whom the said donee was then living as her parents were estranged from each other, accepted the donation. The acceptance was contained in the deed of donation itself, which was authenticated by the same Notary Public Mateo Canonoy.
On November 4, 1944, Concepcion Kapunan Salcedo and the respondent Alipio N. Casilan executed a "Deed of Conditional Sale" wherein the former accepted the latter's offer to purchase the land in dispute, and received the sum of P2,000 as part of the purchase price, the balance of P4,500 to be paid within 3 years therefrom. Notwithstanding the fact that the property in question was in the possession of the petitioners and respondent Alipio N. Casilan knew that Conception Kapunan Salcedo had previously donated the said property in favor of her daughter Marita Antonia Salcedo, the said respondent on June 14, 1945 proceeded to buy the same and paid the balance of the purchase price on the assurance given by the donor that the donation was not legal. The deed of sale was annotated on July 27 of the same year in the Daily Book of the Register of Deeds of Leyte, but not on the original certificate of title because of the refusal of Iluminada Vda. de Kapunan to deliver the duplicate certificate of title.
In due time, the respondent Casilan filed a petition in the Court of First Instance of Leyte the compel Iluminada Vda. de Kapunan to surrender the transfer certificate of title, but the petition was dismissed. In connection with this petition, Concepcion K. Salcedo, on March 9, 1946, gave a deposition that she had knowledge of the acceptance by her mother Iluminada Vda. de Kapunan of the donation she made to her daughter Marita Antonia Salcedo.
To recover title and possession of the property in question, respondent Casilan filed the present action in the Court of First Instance of Leyte against Concepcion Kapunan de Salcedo, Iluminada Fernandez Vda. de Kapunan and Marita Antonia Salcedo. Juanita, Crinidad, Ruperto, Jr., Emma, Lilia, Socorro and Rosario, all surnamed Kapunan, intervened as alleged co-owners of the land in dispute and as heirs of their late father Don Ruperto Kapunan, Sr. On March 31, 1950, after hearing, the trial court, Judge Hipolito Alo presiding, rendered judgment declaring the plaintiff, herein respondent Casilan, to be the owner of the property in question and ordering the defendants and intervenors to deliver possession thereof to said plaintiff. The trial court also dismissed the complaint in intervention. Acting, however, upon the motions for reconsideration filed by the defendants and intervenors, the lower court, through Judge Jose S. Rodriguez, in are solution dated May 30, 1950, reconsidered its decision and declared the sale of the property in question by Concepcion K. Salcedo in favor of respondent Alipio N. Casilan null and void. On appeal to the Court of Appeals, that court reversed the decision and awarded the land undisputed to Alipio N. Casilan. Hence, this petition for review.
It is petitioners' contention that Notary Public Mateo Canonoy, who was related to the parties in the donation within the fourth civil degree of affinity, was, under Articles 22 and 28 of the Spanish Notarial law, incompetent and disqualified to authenticate the deed of donation executed by the Kapunan spouses in favor of their daughter Concepcion Kapunan Salcedo. Said deed of donation, according to petitioners, became a mere private instrument under Article 1223 of the old Civil Code, so that under the ruling laid down in the case ofBarretto vs. Cabreza(33 Phil., 413), the donation was in efficacious. The appellate court, however, in the decision complained of held that the Spanish Notarial Law has been repealed with the enactment of Act No. 496. We find this ruling to be correct. In the case of Philippine Sugar Estatevs.Poizart (48 Phil., 536), cited inVda. de Estuart vs. Garcia(Adm. Case No. 212, prom. February 15, 1957), this Court held that "The old Spanish notarial law and system of conveyance was repealed in the Philippines and another and different notarial law and system became the law of the land with the enactment of Act No. 496."
We do not, however, agree with the Court of Appeals that the donation in favor of Marita Antonia Salcedo was null and void in that there was no "constancia autentica" given to the donor Concepcion K. Salsedo that the donation had been accepted. Article 633 of the Civil Code of 1889 provided that —
Art 633. In order that a donation of real property be valid it must be made by public instrument in which the property donated must be specially described and the amount of the encumbrances to be assumed by the donee expressed.
The acceptance must be made in the deed of gift or in a separate public writing; but it shall produce no effect if not made during the lifetime of the donor.
If the acceptance is made by separate instrument, authentic notice thereof shall be given the donor, and this proceeding shall be noted in both instruments.
Under the above legal provisions, a donation transfers title effectively if it is accepted with all the formalities that must accompany the acceptance of donations of realty, to wit, thru the medium of a public instrument with authentic notice to the donor, unless the acceptance is made in the deed of gift itself. (Tagalavs.Ybeas, 49 Off. Gaz., 200).In the present case, the deed of donation executed by Concepcion K. Salcedo in favor of her daughter Marita Antonia Salcedo states "that the said donee, Marita Antonia Kapunan Salcedo being a minor and being represented by hermaternal grandmother, Iluminada F. Vda. de Kapunan, does express her appreciation and gratefulness for the generosity of said donor." The acceptance having been made in the deed of gift itself, notification thereof to the donor in a "constancia autentica" was evidently not necessary. It is true that the acceptance was made on another date and in a place other than that where the deed was executed, but the deed of donation as so worded implied a previous understanding between the parties who intervened therein, and, and, whatsoever, the donor, Concepcion K. Salcedo, admittedly knew of the actual acceptance by the donee through the latter's grandmother. Pursuant to Art. 623 of the old Civil Code, her knowledge of such acceptance perfected the donation..
It is also argued that the acceptance of the donation by the donee's grandmother was not valid since at the time of the acceptance she had not yet been appointed legal guardian of the donee. Under article 626 of the old Civil Code, a donation to an incapacitated donee requires its acceptance by his lawful representative. This rule, however, appears to be applicable only in case of onerous and conditional donations, where the donee may have to assume certain charged or burdens. As was said by former justice Montemayor in Perezvs.Calingo (CA, 40 Off., Supp. 11, p. 53), "In simple and pure donations, a formal acceptance is not important for the donor acquires no right to be protected and the donee neither undertakes to do anything nor assumes any obligation. In this case, the acceptance may be said to be a mere formality required by law for the performance of the contract. Whenever the donation does not impose any obligation upon the donee the acceptance may be made by the donee himself." Anyway, if under the rule provided in Article 626 of the old Civil Code the donation of realty to a minor may be accepted in his behalf by his mother (Laurentavs.Mata, 44 Phil., 668), we see reason why a simple and pure donation made by the mother herself in favor of he own minor daughter may not be validly accepted through the grandmother, the donee's acting guardian who was later appointed as her legal guardian. It should here be stated that Iluminada Vda. de Kapunan who accepted the donation in behalf of the minor donee was appointed legal guardian of the said minor on June 12, 1944, or prior to the execution of the deed of conditional sale between the donor Concepcion K. Salcedo and herein respondent Alipio N. Casilan. There being no showing that the donation had been revoked prior to the appointment of the donee's grandmother as her legal guardian, It is apparent that said donation had been confirmed and impliedly ratified by the parties intervening therein before the execution of the deed of sale referred to. (See Atacadorvs.Silayan, 67 Phil., 674.)
In conclusion, we find and so hold that the donation of the property in dispute to Maria Antonia Salcedo by Concepcion K. Salcedo was valid, and consequently the sale thereof by the latter in favor of respondent Alipio N. Casilan was null and void. Said respondent however, may still recover what he has paid under the equitable principle that no one shall be unjustly enriched or benefited at the expense of another.
WHEREFORE, the decision complained of is reversed and the sale of the property in controversy in favor of respondent Alipio N. Casilan declared null and void. Without costs.
Paras C. J., Bengzon, Padilla, Labrador, Reyes, J. B. L., and Barrera, JJ.,concur.
Footnotes
1Acceptance under Art. 741 of the new Civil Code may be made on behalf of minors or incapacitated donees by their parents or legal representatives.